Optical Attenuator
Optical attenuator is a device used to reduce the power level of an optical signal, either in free space or in an optical fiber. They are commonly used in fiber optic communications.
Optical attenuators used in fiber optic communications systems may use a variety of principles for their functioning. Those using the gap-loss principle are sensitive to the modal distribution ahead of the attenuator, and should be used at or near the transmitting end, or they may introduce less loss than intended. Optical attenuators using absorptive or reflective techniques avoid this problem...
Optical Transmitter
Fiber optic transmitters are devices that include an LED or laser source, and signal conditioning electronics, to inject a signal into fiber. Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) have relatively large emitting areas and as a result are not as good light sources as laser diodes. However, they are widely used for short to moderate transmission distances because they are much more economical. Laser diodes can couple many times more power to optical fiber than LEDs. They are primarily used for applications that require the transmission of signals over long distances.
Fiber Optic Patch Cord/ Pigtail
Fiber optic patch cord is a fiber cable assembly that connects two ends terminated and ready for installation. There is another type of fiber cable assembly called a pigtail. It is a short optical fiber permanently attached to a source, detector, or other fiber optic device at one end and an optical connector at the other. Pigtails are particularly used for optical device connectivity. Common types of fiber optic patch cord include FC, LC, MT-RJ, MU, SC, and ST. Fiber applications for fiber optic connectors can be single mode or multi mode. Fiber types for fiber optic patch cord can include simplex, duplex, and multi-fiber. Maximum cable diameter and insertion loss are also important parameters to consider. Insertion loss is a measure of the attenuation of a device by determining the output of a system before and after the device is inserted into the system. For example, a patch cord causes insertion loss across the interconnection (in comparison to a continuous cable with no interconnection).